Stavropol region. A historical-geographical region from the Russian Federation located in the central region off Subcaucasia, between the Kuban River (and Kuban area) to the west, brand new Terek part towards Application dateinasia the the southern part of, the brand new Wear area to your northern, the new Kalmyk Autonomous Republic into northeast, together with lands of one’s Caucasian hill individuals to the south and southwestern. The latest Stavropol region generally matches for the territory towards the former Stavropol gubernia (within its 18611920 boundary, 59,five hundred sq kilometres) therefore the afterwards Stavropol krai, reduced brand new Karachai-Cherkess Autonomous oblast (66,500 sq kilometer).
Actual geography. The big portion of the Stavropol part is occupied because of the Stavropol Upland; new small portion has actually components of new Caspian Lowland about eastern, the fresh Kuma-Manych Anxiety about north, while the foothills of the Caucasus Slopes regarding southwest. The fresh environment of Stavropol region are transformation, out-of moderate continental on the west to help you dryer and more continental in the eastern. The greater of those range from the Yegorlyk (and this streams toward Manych), brand new Kalaus, new Kuma, therefore the Kuban and its top tributaries, the latest Velykyi Zelenchuk together with Malyi Zelenchuk (select Zelenchuk canals). River water is utilized to own irrigation. Quick, generally saline ponds are plentiful; the greatest is the narrow however, 160-km-enough time Lake Manych-Gudilo (Ukrainian: Manych-Hudylo).
Nevertheless centrally located Stavropol area stayed sparsely inhabited by the nomadic Nogay Tatars (good Turkic-talking somebody) and you may Kalmyk some body (a great Mongol-speaking classification), whom to one another numbered on the 80,000
Brand new grounds on the west and you will main area of the Stavropol part is actually various chernozems and you will chestnut earth; to your eastern and you will northeast it be white chestnut. New absolute flowers also alter eastward which have declining dampness, off meadow fescuefeather lawn steppe to help you dry fescuefeather lawn steppe right after which semidesert plant life out of wormwood, dead fescue, and you may feather turf. Regarding significantly more moist the main Stavropol Upland plus new Caucasus mountain tops the fresh absolute plants is forest-steppe that have pine-hornbeam-beech forests. Today the steppe plus the forest-steppe are nearly completely cleared to own farming.
History. About mid-16th century brand new Caucasus and Stavropol region started to started toward experience of Muscovite colonization. Regarding the 16th and you may seventeenth years Subcaucasia knowledgeable the newest origins out-of Cossack colonization (the fresh new Wear Cossacks regarding the western plus the Terek Cossacks inside the the latest eastern). Caucasian mountain individuals, the brand new Karachai plus the Cherkess, lived-in the fresh new foothills of your own region.
At the beginning of the fresh new 18th century the Stavropol region nominally turned into area of the Russian Kingdom. Permanent settlements, although not, weren’t centered until the history quarter of century, whenever, when you look at the 177780, new Russian regulators built a line of forts, the fresh new Mozdok-Azov line, which have head office during the Stavropol, to help you secure the Caucasian hill peoples. By the 1785 the newest Stavropol area designed section of Caucasus oblast, which was redesignated a great gubernia into the 1802. Adopting the several title change it had been designated since Stavropol gubernia in 1847. Their borders had been in the long run repaired in the 1861, when it was split up regarding Terek oblast. In contrast to Kuban oblast and Terek oblast, Stavropol gubernia (since the 1898) wasn’t element of Caucasus krai.
Till the 1930s the brand new Stavropol region is paid from the both Ukrainians and you may Russians, and you may constituted part of contiguous, albeit mixed, Ukrainian ethnographic region
The new Russian regulators promoted the brand new fast colonization of your Stavropol area so you can present a base for army strategies throughout the Caucasus. Section of you to definitely aim are accomplished by the fresh giving preference tracts from residential property to Russian noblemen, which compensated them with their serfs. A far more significant reason for colonization, although not, is actually the fresh new spontaneous settlement by county peasants who had been unimpeded from the the central bodies. In reality the brand new purple authorities legalized extant claims with the ukase regarding 1804 and given service to the people who had compensated when you look at the the Stavropol area. Towards the end of your own 1850s the people out of Stavropol gubernia had risen up to 340,000 (5.5 people for every single sq . kilometer). The just city, Stavropol, increased from about step 3,000 customers inside the 1800 so you can 17,600 residents into the 1853. By far the most densely settled components was the newest steppes between your Yegorlyk plus the Kalaus rivers additionally the Kalaus River area. The people from Stavropol gubernia (including Terek oblast) in the 1853 consisted of forty-eight.seven percent Cossacks, thirty two per cent state peasants, sixteen.2 per cent nomadic herders, and you may 3.one percent serfs while some.